Which type of ecosystem is characterized by low rainfall and extreme temperatures?

A desert ecosystem is characterized by low rainfall, typically receiving less than 10 inches of precipitation annually, and extreme temperatures, which can fluctuate widely between scorching days and dramatically cooler nights. These conditions create a unique environment that supports specialized plant and animal life adapted to conserve water and endure harsh temperature changes. The scarcity of water and extreme climate drives the desert's distinct characteristics like sparse vegetation, drought-resistant plants such as cacti, and animals that are often nocturnal to avoid daytime heat.

In contrast, a rainforest ecosystem thrives in areas with abundant rainfall and has a consistently warm climate, while grassland ecosystems receive moderate rainfall and maintain a temperate climate, supporting different flora and fauna. Wetland ecosystems, on the other hand, are characterized by saturated soil and support a variety of aquatic plants and animals, typically found in areas with ample water.