What is thermal energy transfer through direct contact called?

Thermal energy transfer through direct contact is referred to as conduction. This process occurs when two objects at different temperatures come into contact with each other. The thermal energy transfers from the warmer object to the cooler one until they reach thermal equilibrium, or the same temperature. Examples of conduction can be seen when a metal spoon is heated by being placed in a hot liquid; the heat from the liquid transfers directly to the spoon through molecular collision.

Convection involves the movement of heat through fluids (liquids and gases) as warmer areas rise and cooler areas sink, which is different from the direct contact involved in conduction. Radiation refers to the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as when the Sun heats the Earth, and doesn't require direct contact or a medium. Absorption generally describes a process where energy is taken in by an object but does not specifically refer to the transfer of thermal energy through contact. Thus, conduction is the correct term for the process described in the question.