What is biodiversity?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within a given ecosystem. It encompasses the different species present, their genetic variations, and the ecosystems they form. This concept is crucial because it highlights the complexity and interdependence of living organisms and their environments. Biodiversity contributes to ecosystem resilience, productivity, and the ability to adapt to changes, such as climate change or habitat destruction.

While the number of species in a specific area and genetic differences within a single species are important components of biodiversity, they are more specific aspects rather than encompassing the entire definition. Changes in ecosystems over time, although relevant to ecological studies, do not directly define biodiversity. Hence, the correct answer captures the broader and more comprehensive definition of biodiversity by emphasizing the overall variety of life forms in ecosystems.