What distinguishes a hypothesis from a theory?

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experimentation and observation. It serves as a starting point for investigation, suggesting potential outcomes based on initial evidence. In contrast, a theory is an established explanation that has been rigorously tested and supported by a substantial body of evidence. Theories are broader in scope, offering insights that tie together multiple observations and hypotheses.

This distinction emphasizes that while a hypothesis is a predictive statement that invites scientific inquiry, a theory represents a well-substantiated understanding of a particular aspect of the natural world based on repeated testing and validation. Therefore, the relationship between the two is foundational in the scientific method, where hypotheses can lead to the development of theories as evidence is gathered and analyzed over time.